منابع مشابه
Associations between hookah tobacco smoking knowledge and hookah smoking behavior among US college students.
Hookah tobacco smoking is increasing among US college students, including those who would not otherwise use tobacco. Part of hookah's appeal is attributed to the perception that hookah is less harmful than cigarettes. The aims of this study were to assess knowledge of harmful exposures associated with hookah smoking relative to cigarette smoking and to determine associations between this knowle...
متن کاملTobacco Smoking Pattern: Cigarette vs. Hookah
Background: Smoking causes 5.2 million deaths annually in the world of which 70% occur in developing countries. Hookah smoking is increasing around the world especially in the Eastern Mediterranean Region including Iran. This study was carried out to evaluate the pattern of tobacco smoking in both forms of cigarette and hookah smoking. Materials and Methods: A crosssectional study was conducted...
متن کاملHookah pipe smoking among health sciences students.
BACKGROUND Hookah pipe smoking is a social practice and has gained popularity, especially among South African youth. The extent of this practice among health sciences students, and their knowledge regarding the health risks, are unknown. This is important, as these students will become future health professionals possibly influencing the practice of individuals and communities. OBJECTIVE To e...
متن کاملPerceptions of hookah smoking harmfulness: predictors and characteristics among current hookah users
INTRODUCTION Tobacco cigarette smoking a well-known cause of cancer and other diseases. Hookah smoking is another form of tobacco use that has rapidly spread in the United State and Europe. This study assessed beliefs about the harmfulness of smoking hookah. METHODS We surveyed hookah users in all cafes that provided hookah to its customers in downtown San Diego, California and nearby areas. ...
متن کاملHookah smoking and cancer: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in exclusive/ever hookah smokers
BACKGROUND We have recently published some work on CEA levels in hookah (also called narghile, shisha elsewhere) and cigarette smokers. Hookah smokers had higher levels of CEA than non-smokers although mean levels were low compared to cigarette smokers. However some of them were also users of other tobacco products (cigarettes, bidis, etc.). OBJECTIVES To find serum CEA levels in ever/exclusi...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: BMJ
سال: 2007
ISSN: 0959-8138,1468-5833
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.39227.409641.ad